Why Do Toenails Become Thick?

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What Are Thickened Toenails?

Thickened toenails, also known as onychauxis, refer to nails that become unusually thick and hard. While some people naturally have thicker nails, others may experience thickening as a result of various factors, such as fungal infections, nail trauma, or underlying medical conditions. 

Picture of a man's feet at the beach.

Fungal infections are one of the most common causes of thickened toenails, as they can lead to an overgrowth of nail cells and alter the structure of the nail plate. Additionally, injuries to the nail bed or repeated trauma to the nail can also cause thickening. Certain medical conditions, including nail psoriasis and yellow nail syndrome, can result in permanent nail thickening. It is important to seek medical advice if you notice persistent thickening of your toenails, as it may indicate an underlying issue that requires treatment.

What Causes Thickening of Toenails?

Thickened toenails can occur for several reasons, some of which include. 

Age

One common cause is old age, as our nails naturally become thicker and more brittle as we get older. Another cause is injury to the nail, such as when a heavy object is dropped on the toe or the nail is stubbed. In these cases, the nail can become thicker as a result of trauma to the nail bed or the nail root.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis, characterized by scaly skin patches, may also result in the thickening of toenails. This thickening occurs when psoriasis impacts the nail matrix or bed, leading to the formation of denser nail cells. Additionally, toenail fungus, medically termed onychomycosis, often causes nails to thicken and discolor. This type of fungal infection thrives in damp conditions and can affect the nail plate, bed, or root.

Regardless of the cause, it’s important to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Treatment options for thickened toenails may include topical medications, oral medications, or surgical procedures to remove the affected nail. Good foot care practices, such as keeping the nails trimmed and clean, can also help prevent further thickening of the nails.

Fungal Infection/Onychomycosis

Fungal infections are a common cause of toenail thickening. These infections, known as onychomycosis, occur when fungi, such as dermatophytes, invade the nails. Fungal nail infections often occur in warm and moist environments, making the feet an ideal breeding ground for these organisms. 

When the fungus penetrates the nail plate, it can cause changes in the texture, color, and thickness of the toenail. Over time, the nail may become brittle, discolored, and thickened. Fungal infections can affect the nail bed, nail plate, or nail root, leading to the production of thicker and gnarly toenails. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other nails and even cause pain and discomfort. It is important to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan, as topical and oral antifungal medications may be necessary to combat fungal toenail infections.

Other Causes of Thickened Toenails

While fungal infections are a common cause of thickened toenails, there are several other factors that can contribute to this condition. Some individuals may naturally have thicker nails due to genetics or aging. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as psoriasis, diabetes, or yellow nail syndrome can cause nail thickening. Injuries to the nail, such as repeatedly stubbing or dropping a heavy object on the toe, can also lead to thickened toenails. Poor blood circulation to the toes, often seen in individuals with peripheral arterial disease, can result in nail thickening as well. It is important to identify the underlying cause of thickened toenails in order to determine the appropriate treatment plan. Seeking medical advice and consulting with a healthcare professional can help diagnose the cause and provide tailored treatment options to alleviate the discomfort and improve nail health.

Yellow Nail Syndrome

Yellow Nail Syndrome is a rare condition that impacts the nails, leading them to thicken, change color, and curve excessively. This condition is marked by a yellow or greenish hue and is typically associated with a slower rate of nail growth. This condition is estimated to affect less than 1% of the population.

In addition to the changes in the nails, Yellow Nail Syndrome can be accompanied by other symptoms. Lymphedema, or swelling of the limbs due to fluid retention, is commonly seen in individuals with this condition. Respiratory problems such as persistent coughing and shortness of breath may also occur. Another symptom, called Pleural effusion, is also possible. This is a build-up of fluid in the pleural cavity around the lungs.

The precise cause of Yellow Nail Syndrome remains unclear, but it might be linked to certain underlying health issues or genetic influences. Individuals exhibiting these symptoms should seek medical consultation to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

While there there’s not specific treatment for Yellow Nail Syndrome, managing the associated symptoms is the primary goal. This may involve addressing the underlying medical conditions and providing supportive care. Moisturizing the nails and practicing good foot care can help alleviate some discomfort.

In summary, Yellow Nail Syndrome is a rare condition that affects the nails, causing them to become thick, discolored, and excessively curved. It is often accompanied by lymphedema, respiratory problems, and pleural effusion. Seeking medical advice is crucial for proper diagnosis and management of this condition.

Trauma to the Toenails or Foot

Trauma to the toenails or foot can lead to the thickening of toenails or foot injuries. There are various types of trauma that can cause these conditions.

Repetitive minor trauma or pressure from tight shoes is a common cause of thickened toenails. Continuous rubbing or pressure on the toenail can result in the nail becoming thicker over time. This is often seen in individuals who wear ill-fitting shoes or engage in activities that put repetitive stress on the feet.

Stubbing or dropping heavy objects on the toe can also cause trauma to the toenails. The impact can cause bruising or bleeding under the nail, leading to thickened toenails. In some cases, the trauma may even cause separation of the nail from the nail bed.

Formation of blood blisters under the toenail can also result in thickened nails. Blood blisters occur when a blood vessel beneath the nail ruptures due to trauma. As the blood accumulates, it can cause the toenail to become thickened.

It is important to address toe injuries promptly to prevent further complications. Proper foot care, wearing well-fitting shoes, and avoiding repetitive trauma can help prevent thickened toenails caused by trauma. If the thickening persists or causes discomfort, it is advisable to seek medical advice for appropriate treatment options.

Psoriasis and other Medical Conditions

Psoriasis, an immune system disorder, is known for its impact on skin health. However, it can also affect the nails and lead to thickened toenails. Individuals with psoriasis may experience inflammation and abnormal growth of skin cells in their nails, resulting in changes in their appearance.

Psoriasis-related nail changes often include thickening of the nails, pitting, discoloration, crumbling, and slight separation of the nail from the nail bed. These alterations can make the nails more susceptible to trauma, infections, and other complications.

It’s important to note that psoriasis is not the only medical condition that can cause thickened toenails. Other systemic diseases, such as diabetes and yellow nail syndrome, can also contribute to nail abnormalities. These conditions can impact the blood flow and circulation to the nails, leading to thickening and other changes.

If you suspect that your thickened toenails are related to a medical condition like psoriasis, it’s advisable to seek medical advice. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment options, such as topical medications, oral medications, or specialized nail care. Managing the underlying condition is crucial for improving the health and appearance of the nails.

In conclusion, psoriasis and other medical conditions can contribute to the thickening of toenails. Understanding the connection between these conditions and nail health is essential for implementing an effective treatment plan and improving overall nail health.

Fungal Nail Infections & Thickened Toenails 

Fungal nail infections, such as onychomycosis and tinea unguium, are common conditions that can cause toenails to become thick and discolored. Onychomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the nail bed, while tinea unguium specifically affects the nail plate. These infections typically begin at the edge of the nail and gradually spread towards the center, causing the nail to thicken and become discolored. The infected nail may appear yellow, brown, or green, and in severe cases, it can even become black. The nail may also become brittle, crumble, or break into pieces.

Aside from the physical changes to the nail, fungal nail infections can also cause additional symptoms. Patients may experience pain and swelling around the affected nail, and an unpleasant odor may be present. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other nails or even the surrounding skin.

Addressing fungal nail infections requires time and persistence. Treatment options include topical medications, oral medications, and in some cases, a combination of both. It’s important to note that treating these infections can take several months, and recurrence is possible.

If you think you might have a fungal nail infection, it’s advisable to consult a medical professional for a proper diagnosis and effective treatment strategy. Prompt action can prevent the infection from escalating and assist in returning your nails to their normal, healthy appearance.

Symptoms of Fungal Nail Infections

Fungal nail infections can cause a range of symptoms that vary in severity. 

  1. One of the most common symptoms is the gradual thickening and discoloration of the nails: The infected nails may become thicker than usual, making it difficult to trim with regular nail clippers. They may also develop a yellow, brown, or greenish hue, which can be a noticeable change from their normal appearance.
  2. Fungal nail infections can make the nails brittle and prone to crumbling. Patients may notice that their nails break or split easily, leading to irregular and jagged edges. This can make it uncomfortable to wear shoes and can even cause pain when pressure is applied to the nails.
  3. Pain and swelling around the affected nail area are also common symptoms of fungal nail infections. The infection can cause inflammation and irritation, leading to discomfort and sensitivity in the surrounding skin. Patients may experience tenderness when touching or pressing on the affected area.
  4. Another symptom of fungal nail infections is when the nails lift from the nail bed. Infection can cause a nail to separate from its underlying nail bed, creating a gap where debris and moisture can accumulate. This can lead to an unpleasant odor, as the moist environment promotes the growth of bacteria and fungi.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Prompt intervention can help prevent the infection from spreading to other nails or the surrounding skin.

Diagnosis of Fungal Nail Infections

Diagnosing fungal nail infections involves recognizing the common symptoms associated with this condition. Thickened and discolored nails are typical signs that may indicate the presence of a fungal infection. The nails can become yellow, brown, or even black in color.

In addition to changes in appearance, patients often experience pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. The nails may also lift from the nail bed, creating a gap where debris and moisture can accumulate. This can result in an unpleasant odor.

It is essential to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis of fungal nail infections. A healthcare professional can examine the nails and may perform additional tests to confirm the presence of a fungal infection. These tests may include microscopic examination, nail culture, or even a nail biopsy.

It’s vital to identify fungal nail infections early to start the right treatment and stop the infection from getting worse or spreading. Treatments can involve oral or topical medications, or sometimes a mix of both. Following the prescribed treatment regimen and maintaining proper foot hygiene is key to successfully controlling the infection.

If you think you might have a fungal nail infection, consulting a healthcare expert for an accurate diagnosis and advice on the best treatment approach is recommended.

Treatment Plan for Fungal Nail Infections

Thickened toenails can be a bothersome and unsightly problem for many individuals. While there are various causes for this condition, including medical conditions like psoriasis and diabetes, it is essential to explore treatment options to alleviate the symptoms and enhance the appearance of the nails. 

A frequent method for treating thickened toenails involves applying topical medications directly to the nails. These treatments aim to lessen the thickness and enhance nail health. In cases where the condition is more serious, oral medications might be necessary to tackle the root problem, such as a fungal infection. Additionally, using specific nail care practices, like cutting with clippers or filing, can aid in the management and upkeep of the nails. Consulting a healthcare expert is essential to receive an accurate diagnosis and establish the most suitable treatment based on the cause of the toenail thickening. Effective management and improvement of thickened toenails can be achieved by targeting the underlying issue and adhering to a comprehensive treatment plan.

Oral Medications for the Treatment of Thickened Toenails

When toenails become thickened, it may be a sign of an underlying condition such as a fungal infection. In such cases, oral medications can be prescribed as part of a treatment plan. These medications are specifically designed to target the fungal nail infection and help restore the health of the nail.

Oral antifungal medications are usually prescribed for severe infections or when topical treatments have been ineffective. These medications work by inhibiting the growth of fungi in the nail bed and nail plate. The duration of treatment can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but it typically lasts for several weeks to a few months.

It is important to follow the prescribed dosage of oral medications as instructed by a healthcare professional. Deviating from the recommended dosage can impact the effectiveness of the medication. Additionally, there may be potential side effects associated with oral antifungal medications, such as upset stomach, rash, or liver damage. It is essential to discuss these potential side effects and any concerns with a healthcare provider.

In conclusion, oral medications can be an effective treatment option for thickened toenails caused by fungal infections. They are prescribed when topical treatments have not provided the desired results. However, it is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and be aware of potential side effects. Seeking medical advice is advised for the proper diagnosis and treatment of thickened toenails.

Antifungal Medications

Antifungal medications are commonly used to treat fungal nail infections, which can cause toenails to become thickened. There are different types of antifungal medications available that can effectively combat these infections.

One type of antifungal medication is oral medication, which is prescribed for severe infections or when topical treatments are ineffective. These medications, such as itraconazole or terbinafine, work by inhibiting the growth of fungi in the nail bed and nail plate. By targeting the underlying cause of the infection, they can help restore the health of the nail.

The effectiveness of these medications varies depending on the severity of the infection and the individual’s response. Generally, oral antifungal medications have shown promising results in treating fungal nail infections. However, it is important to follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration as instructed by a healthcare professional to ensure their efficacy.

It is crucial to be aware of the potential side effects associated with antifungal medications. These can include upset stomach, rash, or, in rare cases, liver damage. Before starting any medication, it is important to discuss any existing medical conditions or medications being taken to determine if there are any potential interactions or precautions to be taken.

In conclusion, antifungal medications, specifically oral medications, are an effective treatment option for fungal nail infections that result in thickened toenails. However, it is essential to use them as prescribed and be aware of potential side effects, taking necessary precautions and seeking medical advice when necessary.

Essential Foot Hygiene

Alongside medication, practicing good foot hygiene and proper nail care is crucial. This includes keeping the feet clean and dry, regularly trimming nails straight across, using clean nail clippers or scissors, and avoiding trauma to the toenails. Proper foot hygiene helps create an environment that is hostile to fungi and promotes healthy nail growth.

Early detection and intervention play a vital role in the successful treatment of fungal nail infections. Seeking medical advice as soon as symptoms present themselves can prevent the infection from spreading or becoming more severe. Prompt treatment can also help alleviate discomfort and minimize the risk of complications.

In conclusion, the treatment plan for fungal nail infections involves a combination of oral and topical medications, along with good foot hygiene practices. Early detection, intervention, and strict adherence to the recommended treatment plan are essential for effectively managing and eliminating the infection.

Preventing Fungal Nail Infections: Essential Foot Hygiene and Early Intervention

Fungal nail infections can be bothersome and difficult to treat. However, taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of infection and the associated discomfort. Here are some effective methods for preventing fungal nail infections:

  1. Maintain Good Foot Hygiene: Keeping your feet clean and dry is crucial in preventing fungal nail infections. Wash your feet daily with soap and warm water, and thoroughly dry them, especially between the toes. Moisture provides a favorable environment for fungal growth, so make sure to dry your feet completely after bathing or swimming.
  2. Wear Breathable Footwear: Choose shoes made from breathable materials, such as leather or mesh, as they allow air circulation and help keep your feet dry. Avoid wearing tight-fitting or non-breathable shoes for extended periods, as they can create a moist environment that promotes fungal growth.
  3. Change Socks Regularly: Moisture-absorbing socks, such as those made of cotton or wool, are ideal for keeping your feet dry. Change your socks daily, especially if your feet tend to sweat excessively. Avoid wearing damp or dirty socks, as they can harbor fungi.
  4. Avoid Moist Environments: Public areas such as locker rooms, communal showers, and swimming pools are often breeding grounds for fungi. If possible, avoid walking barefoot in these places. Consider wearing protective footwear, such as flip-flops or shower shoes, to minimize direct contact with potentially contaminated surfaces.
  5. Do Not Share Personal Items: Fungal infections can spread through contaminated items, including nail clippers, files, and shoes. It is best to refrain from sharing these personal items to reduce the risk of infection.
  6. Early Intervention with Topical Antifungal Treatments: If you notice any signs of a fungal nail infection, such as thickened nails, discoloration, or brittleness, seek medical advice promptly. Timely intervention with topical antifungal treatments can help stop the infection from spreading and improve treatment outcomes.

By following these preventive measures, adopting good foot hygiene practices, and seeking early intervention when necessary, you can reduce the risk of fungal nail infections and promote healthy nails. Remember, prevention is always better than treatment.