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Browse our complete A-Z directory of healthcare terms and entities.
Showing 124 entries starting with "T" of type "Conditions"
The tailbone (coccyx) is the small bone at the bottom of the spine. It is attached to the triangular-shaped sacral bone above it. The tailbone is often injured when people fall and land on their buttocks. It usually heals on its own over time.
This exercise stretches your hip and thigh muscles and strengthens your arm and leg muscles. Bring the bottoms of your feet together, then draw them as close to your body as you can. Cup your hands under your knees. Press your knees toward the floor. At the same time, resist that force by pulling upward...
This exercise stretches the back, hamstrings, and arms. Sit with your back straight, legs about 12 inches (30 centimeters) apart, and feet relaxed outward. Sit on the floor with your back straight, legs about 12 inches apart, and feet relaxed outward. Stretch your hands forward toward your left foot, then sit up...
Learn how to care for your stitches to help them heal properly.
Your wound will need care and observation. After the stitches or staples are put in, the area may be covered with a thin layer of ointment and covered with a nonstick bandage. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to care for your stitches or staples. Be sure to follow those instructions. Check with...
Being a parent of a child with physical, emotional, or behavioral problems can be exhausting. Try to take good care of your physical and emotional health. Doing so will help provide you with needed energy to care for your child with special needs. Schedule time for yourself. Use a calendar or planner to set aside...
Learn what you can do to be safe when you're taking warfarin.
Offers tips on talking with your child about sex. Addresses family values. Covers getting conversations started. Covers topics such as using condoms and other forms of birth control to avoid pregnancy and STIs. Also covers sexual abuse and date rape.
Although communicating with your adolescent or teen can be challenging, it is important to continually make the effort. This is especially important when your child acts out with problem behaviors or seems troubled in some way. When attempting to talk with your adolescent or teen about problems or concerns, schedule a...
A special taping technique may help keep the kneecap in alignment. This can help reestablish normal movement and allow the muscles that hold the kneecap in place to redevelop properly. If taping seems to help you, your physical therapist can teach you the best way to tape your kneecap.
A tarry stool has a black, shiny, sticky appearance and looks like tar on a road. Often tarry stools are a symptom of bleeding in the digestive tract.
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a pinching of the tibial nerve, which stretches down the back of the leg to the inner ankle. In this area of the ankle, a complex mix of nerves, muscles, and ligaments meet; this makes the tibial nerve prone to entrapment, or pinching. Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome include foot pain...
Taste changes may include the complete loss of taste (ageusia), partial loss of taste (hypogeusia), a distorted sense of taste (dysgeusia), such as a metallic taste, or an unpleasant or revolting taste (cacogeusia). A decrease in or loss of taste is common in older adults. It is part of the normal aging process and may...
Discusses Tay-Sachs disease, a genetic disorder in which little or no hex A enzyme is produced by the body. Discusses screening. Covers symptoms to watch for in babies and young children. Covers late-onset Tay-Sachs disease.
The test for Tay-Sachs disease measures the amount of an enzyme called hexosaminidase A (hex A) in the blood. Hex A breaks down fatty substances in the brain and nerves. Tay-Sachs is an inherited disease in which the body can't break down fatty substances as it should, so the fatty substances collect in the nerve...
Tetanus and diphtheria are very serious diseases. They are rare in the United States today, but people who do become infected often have severe complications. Td vaccine is used to protect adolescents and adults from both of these diseases. Both diphtheria and tetanus are infections caused by bacteria. Diphtheria…
What is tea tree oil? Tea tree oil can kill bacteria and fungi. It comes from the evergreen leaves of the Australian Melaleuca alternifolia tree. Tea tree oil has been used as complementary therapy in surgery, burn care, and dental care. Numerous tea tree oil body care products are available, including soap, shampoo...
Learn how your child should use an inhaler with a spacer.
In a technetium-labeled red blood cell bleeding scan, blood is taken from you, and a small amount of radioactive material called technetium is added to the blood. The blood with the technetium is then injected back into your bloodstream. Red blood cells with the technetium attached to them accumulate at the location of...
What is teen substance use? Many teens try alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. Some teens try these substances only a few times and stop. Others can't control their urges or cravings for them. This is substance use disorder. Moderate to severe substance use disorder is sometimes called addiction. Teens may try a number of...
If you want to save this information but don't think it is safe to take it home, see if a trusted friend can keep it for you. Plan ahead. Know who you can call for help, and memorize the phone number. Be careful online too. Your online activity may be seen by others. Do not...
Learn how expressing your negative feelings about asthma will help you feel better.
Teeth whitening is not a medical procedure—it does not result in healthier teeth—but it can result in whiter teeth and a brighter smile. This in turn can make people feel better about themselves. There are two types of teeth whitening: Bleaching your teeth changes the color of the tooth enamel and removes both surface...
Discusses teething and what to expect during teething. Covers symptoms and common concerns. Offers home treatment suggestions and tips for keeping your child's teeth healthy. Explains when to call the doctor.
A temper tantrum is a sudden, unplanned display of anger or other emotions. Temper tantrums are usually a response to extreme frustration. They are most common in children ages 1 to 4 years. As children grow older, they learn healthier ways to handle their emotions. Children who continue to have tantrums after the age...
A temperature probe measures a baby's skin temperature. The probe is part of an environmental control system used to help regulate a baby's body temperature. A small device is held in place on the surface of a baby's skin. Temperature measurements are transmitted by a long wire to a probe, which also connects to a...
The tendons at the front of the knee connect the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh to the shinbone (tibia). The upper tendon is called the quadriceps tendon, and it connects the quadriceps muscles to the kneecap (patella). The lower tendon is called the patellar tendon, and it connects the kneecap to the...
Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outer part of your elbow. It happens when you damage the tendons that connect the muscles of your forearm to your elbow. The damage makes it painful to rotate your forearm and flex your wrist and fingers backward. The cause is usually overuse from repeated hand and...
Guides through the decision to have surgery for tennis elbow (also called lateral epicondylitis). Explains how surgery is done. Covers risks. Lists reasons for and against surgery. Includes interactive tool to help you make your decision.
Stress incontinence in women can cause frequent involuntary release of urine during activities that put pressure on your bladder, such as coughing or laughing. The tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure is designed to provide support for a sagging urethra so that when you cough or move vigorously or suddenly, the...
Public health threats are events or disasters that can affect you and your community. Examples of public health threats are: Natural disasters. Disease outbreaks. Accidents involving hazardous substances. Terrorist attacks. Public health threats can affect air quality, cause shortages of safe water and food, and cut off...
Discusses cancer that occurs when cells that are not normal grow out of control in testicles (testes). Covers testicular self-exam (TSE). Discusses germ-cell tumors called seminomas and nonseminomas (also called NSGCTs). Covers treatment.
Testicular cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. The testicles are 2 egg-shaped glands located inside the scrotum (a sac of loose skin that lies directly below the penis). The testicles are held within the scrotum by the spermatic cord, which also contains...
A testicular prosthesis is a small implant with a size, shape, and consistency like a real testicle. It is usually made of a soft plastic (silicone) shell and filled with saline (salt water). The risks of a testicular prosthesis include infection and bleeding or blood clots in the scrotum. But these problems are not...
The Bethesda System (TBS) for Pap tests is a classification system developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). This system provides detailed information about the quality of the cell sample and the types of cell changes found. Doctors who take the cell sample and laboratory specialists (cytologists) who examine...
What is therapeutic touch? Therapeutic touch is based on ancient healing practices. The goal of the technique is to help people relax, relieve their pain, and help them heal faster. Therapeutic touch is thought to promote healing through restoring harmony to a person's energy fields. Therapeutic touch is used in many...
For years, studies have shown that for early-stage breast cancer, women who have breast-conserving surgery ( lumpectomy ) followed by radiation treatments live just as long as women who have mastectomy . This was good news for women who wanted to avoid having their whole breast removed. In recent years, a growing number...
A third-degree burn injures the top layer of skin (epidermis), the tissue (dermis), and the fatty tissue (subcutaneous tissue) under the skin, and spreads into muscle tissue.
Thrush is a common infection of the mouth and tongue caused by the yeast Candida albicans. Thrush appears as white patches that look like cottage cheese or milk curds. When the patches are wiped away, the surface looks red and raw and may bleed.
Is thumb-sucking normal? Thumb-sucking is normal in babies and young children. Most babies and toddlers suck their thumbs. They may also suck on their fingers, hands, or items such as pacifiers. Little by little, most children stop on their own at age 3 to 6 years. Why do babies suck their thumbs? Babies have a...
Many infants and young children calm themselves by sucking their thumbs. While most children will stop on their own between ages 3 and 6, some continue past the age of 4 or 5. Prolonged thumb-sucking can lead to serious dental and speech problems. By using lots of love, encouragement, and a few simple steps, you...
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form on the outside surface of the thymus. The thymus, a small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone, is part of the lymph system. It makes white blood cells, called lymphocytes, that protect the body against infections...
Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread. Scientists are trying to better understand which people are more...
Thyroid cancer includes the following four main types: Papillary. Follicular. Medullary. Anaplastic. For clinical management of the patient, thyroid cancer is generally divided into the following two categories: Differentiated thyroid cancer, which includes well-differentiated tumors, poorly differentiated tumors...
The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make two thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It also stores these thyroid hormones and releases them as they are needed. The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, which are located in the brain, help control the thyroid gland. The hypothalamus releases...
What are thyroid nodules? Thyroid nodules are growths or lumps in the thyroid gland in the front of your neck. This gland controls how your body uses energy. Most thyroid nodules are not cancer and do not cause problems. 1 Many don't even need treatment. Sometimes a thyroid nodule can cause problems. Sometimes a nodule...
Learn what happens before and during a thyroid scan and what the test looks for.
Thyroid surgery is used to treat thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and hyperthyroidism. During this procedure, part or all of the thyroid gland is removed. During surgery, an incision is made in the skin. The muscle and other tissues are pulled aside to expose the thyroid gland.
Image courtesy of Intermountain Medical Imaging, Boise, Idaho. A thyroid ultrasound uses sound waves to show the size and shape of the thyroid gland. It is done to see if the thyroid gland is enlarged and to look for thyroid nodules.
Thyroxine (T4) is the most common form of thyroid hormone that is released by the thyroid gland. Once it reaches the tissues, it is converted to another form of thyroid hormone called triiodothyronine (T3), which is more active in regulating the body's chemical reactions. In tests of thyroid function, a low T4 level may...
The inability to move a part of your body (paralysis) as a result of a tick bite is a rare problem. Tick paralysis can be caused by several different types of ticks in North America. The symptoms of tick paralysis are caused by the venom secreted from the female tick during feeding. Symptoms usually start...
Time-out is a technique used to teach young children how to control their behavior. Time-out is an opportunity for the child to calm down or regain control of his or her behavior. If your child has trouble sharing a toy, you may even decide to put the toy in time-out. It works best when your...
Tinea versicolor (also known as pityriasis versicolor) is a fungal infection that causes a skin rash. The rash is formed by many small spots that typically appear on the oily parts of the upper body, usually on the chest and back. The spots are flat and may be white, pink, red, tan, or brown, depending...
Some lab tests (especially antibody and antigen tests) report results in titers. A titer is a measure of how much the sample can be diluted before the antibodies or antigens can no longer be detected. A titer of 1 to 8 (1:8) means that antibodies or antigens can still be found when 1 part of...
For the toe stretch exercise for the bottom of the foot: Sit in a chair, and extend your affected leg so that your heel is on the floor. With your hand, reach down and pull your big toe up and back. Pull toward your ankle and away from the floor. Hold the position for at...
Toe caps and toe sleeves fit over the toe and protect the sides and tips of the toe. Toe caps and sleeves can prevent calluses or soft corns from forming on or between the toes.
Toe crest pads relieve pressure and friction and help prevent toes from rubbing together. The pads can help prevent corns from forming on the toes or foot.
Discusses common toe, foot, and ankle injuries. Covers home treatment and basic foot care. Offers injury prevention tips.
Toilet training is a process in which children learn to urinate and have bowel movements in the toilet. Using the toilet is a developmental milestone. This means that it is one of the events that a doctor uses to tell whether a child is developing at a normal pace. A child must be both physically...
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are surgeries to remove the tonsils or adenoids . They are: Used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Rarely used to treat snoring in adults. Not used to treat snoring in children. The surgeries almost always require a stay in the hospital.
The tonsils and adenoids are made of lymph tissue in the throat. They help make substances (antibodies) that help the body fight infection. The tonsils can be seen on either side of the throat at the back of the mouth. The adenoids are higher in the throat and usually cannot be seen. The uvula is...
Your child's primary teeth usually begin to break through the gums (erupt) at about 6 months of age. This is called teething. Teeth break through the gums in a certain order, typically from the front to the back of the mouth. Lower teeth often appear 1 to 2 months before the corresponding upper teeth. A...
Enamel is the hard outer layer of a tooth made mostly of minerals. Enamel has tiny pores that can be seen only with a microscope. Dentin, which is underneath the enamel, is not completely solid.
An abscessed tooth is a tooth that has a pocket of pus in the tissue next to it. This often occurs because the inside (pulp) of a tooth is infected and the bacteria spread to the tissue underneath the tooth. An abscess usually causes throbbing pain in the tooth and red, swollen gums.
Tophi are chalky, gritty accumulations of uric acid crystals that build up in the soft tissue of a gouty joint, often occurring in the elbow or the joints of the fingers or toes. Tophi develop if gout is not treated for an extended period of time. When tophi are located just under the skin, they...
This summary is a list of integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies found on NCI's Cancer.gov website. This summary does not include all integrative, alternative, and complementary therapies. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) covers a wide variety of therapies, botanicals, and dietary supplements...
A torn rotator cuff tendon is damage to one or more of the four tendons that cover the shoulder joint. These tendons connect the rotator cuff muscles to the upper arm bone (humerus), shoulder bone (scapula), and collarbone (clavicle). It takes tremendous force to tear a healthy rotator cuff tendon. This may occur from a...
The rotator cuff is the group of tendons and related muscles that help keep the upper arm bone seated in the socket of the shoulder blade. A torn rotator cuff tendon can cause pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder. A rotator cuff tear may be: Partial, in which only part of...
Torsion dystonia is a rare inherited disease that causes sustained, twisting spasms. These spasms may only affect one limb at first but often spread to other limbs and the midsection. Torsion dystonia is usually diagnosed between the ages of 6 and 16. After it is diagnosed, it progresses rapidly. Torsion dystonia does...
Total incontinence is the continuous and total loss of urinary control. One cause is neurogenic bladder. This is a neurological problem that prevents the bladder from emptying as it should. Spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, and other disorders that affect nerve function can also lead to total incontinence. In...
Tourette's disorder (TD) is a condition in which a person has spasms, also called tics, that typically include blinking, frowning, jerking the head, and raising or jerking the arms or shoulders. A person may also make unusual sounds, such as grunting or snorting, or shout words (sometimes obscenities). Symptoms of TD...
Bites and stings from insects (bees, wasps, yellow jackets) and spiders usually cause pain, swelling, redness, and itching at the site of the sting or bite. In some people, especially children, the redness and swelling may be worse and last up to a few days. A few people have severe reactions to the toxin injected...
Toxic synovitis is an irritation and swelling of the lining of the hip joint. The condition causes pain and tenderness that may move down to the thigh and knee; it sometimes makes a person limp. Toxic synovitis is the most common cause of hip pain in children. It occurs most often in boys ages 4...
Discusses risks to the fetus of a woman who gets toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Covers common symptoms like swollen glands. Discusses treatment with antibiotics. Covers how to avoid toxoplasmosis, including avoiding raw meat and contact with cat feces.
Discusses toxoplasmosis test, a blood test that checks pregnant women for antibodies to the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Covers why and how it is done. Also discusses what results mean. Offers link to more info on toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.
Looks at surgery for children who have congenital glaucoma. Covers risks and how well it works.
Make a chart with three columns and as many rows you need for your exercises. The chart can help you see your progress in the level 1 and level 2 exercises for vertigo. Put the date in the first column. In the second column, write down how many times you did the exercise and whether...
Make a chart with three columns and as many rows you need for your walks. The chart can help you see your progress in the walking exercises for vertigo. Put the date in the first column, how far you walked or how many times you were able to do the exercises in the second column,...
Trans fats are primarily created through hydrogenation, a process that turns liquid oils into solids like hard margarine and shortening. Some foods with trans fats include vegetable shortening, some margarines, crackers, cookies, and many packaged snack foods. Some animal-based foods have small amounts of naturally...
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a way to replace the aortic valve without open-heart surgery. This procedure is done to treat aortic valve stenosis. TAVR is often done through an incision (cut) in the groin. But sometimes a small cut is made in the chest. The doctor uses a tube called a catheter and...
Discusses transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a therapy that uses low-voltage electrical current for pain relief. Covers TENS treatment for different illnesses and conditions such as muscle, joint, or bone problems.
A transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitor is a device that measures the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in a baby's blood. This test does not require a doctor or a nurse to take a blood sample from the baby. The monitor is connected to the baby by a lead (wire), the end of which...
A transient ischemic attack (TIA) happens when blood flow to part of the brain is stopped for a short time. It's also called a mini-stroke because the symptoms are the same as a stroke but they don't last long or cause lasting damage. A TIA is a warning that you may have a stroke in...
During a transient ischemic attack (TIA), blood flow to part of the brain is temporarily blocked or reduced, often by a blood clot. This causes the same symptoms as a stroke, but after a few minutes, blood flow is restored and the symptoms go away.
Transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the renal pelvis and ureter. The renal pelvis is the top part of the ureter. The ureter is a long tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. There are two kidneys, one on each side...
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a procedure that may be used to reduce portal hypertension and its complications, especially variceal bleeding. A TIPS procedure may be done by a radiologist, who places a small wire-mesh coil (stent) into a liver vein. The stent is then expanded using a small...
A transrectal ultrasound is used to look at the prostate gland and other pelvic organs in men. A thin probe called a transducer is covered with a lubricated sheath similar to a condom. The transducer is then gently put into the rectum. The transducer sound waves make a picture on a TV screen (monitor).
Transsphenoidal adenomectomy is a type of surgery that may be used to remove a tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland, which lies at the bottom of the brain. Using a special microscope, the surgeon reaches the pituitary gland by threading tiny instruments through a person's nostril or into a small opening made in the...
Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) is a procedure used to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This procedure uses heat to destroy specific areas of the prostate that are blocking urine flow. A needle-shaped device is inserted up the urethra inside a tube called a catheter. The tube protects other...
An applicator is used to insert a small pellet of medicine inside the opening at the end of the penis. The pellet dissolves, and the medicine causes an erection. The erection can last for at least 30 minutes.
A body digit or limb, such as your finger and toe (digits) or hand and foot (limbs), can sometimes get caught in objects such as bottles, jars, toys, pipes, railings, or fences. You may be able to free your digit or limb using home treatment. Blood flow can be reduced or cut off if your...
Review the symptoms of low blood sugar if you have diabetes or some other health condition that can cause low blood sugar. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sweating, blurred vision, and confusion. Know the early symptoms. You may not always have the same symptoms. Share treatment instructions with your partner...
The information shown here is based on the best available evidence.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children and teens are less common than in adults. But they do occur, especially in teens. An injury that hasn't been treated (or one in which the treatment didn't work) can lead to future knee problems. The knee may become more and more unstable. Over time, osteoarthritis...
Get a brief introduction to the ways depression can be treated.
Orthognathic surgery treats malocclusion ("poor bite") by restructuring the jaw through cutting the bone and repositioning the bone segments. Adults who have jaw-related malocclusion are sometimes offered a choice between simple orthodontic treatment and orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. Adults...
After a stroke, the injury to the brain can cause muscles to contract or flex on their own when you try to use an arm or leg. The sensation can be painful. It has been described as a "wicked charley horse." Because the muscle cannot move in its full range of motion, the tendons and...
Trigeminal neuralgia (sometimes called tic douloureux) is a sudden, sharp pain on one side of the face. The pain commonly starts near one side of the mouth, then shoots toward the ear, eye, or nostril on the same side of the face. The pain may start with a touch, movement, air drafts, eating, or for...
Sudden heart failure happens when your heart suddenly cannot pump as much blood as your body needs. Certain things, called triggers, can cause sudden heart failure. These triggers make it harder for your heart to pump well. But if you know what the triggers are, you can try to prevent them. What you can do...
When trimming fingernails, make sure to clip the nail straight across. You can use a nail file to smooth sharp edges.
Trophoblastic disease is a growth of abnormal tissue inside the uterus during pregnancy. This abnormal tissue prevents the normal growth of a fetus. This tissue can continue to grow after a miscarriage or pregnancy. In some cases, trophoblastic disease advances into uterine cancer. Trophoblastic cancer can remain in the...
A tubal ligation ("having your tubes tied") is a type of surgery for women that permanently prevents pregnancy (sterilization). During a tubal ligation, the fallopian tubes are closed or removed to prevent fertilization; this blocks the sperms' path to the egg. The fallopian tubes can be cut, clamped closed, or tied...
Tubal ligation can be done by one of three different methods: Pinching off the tube in a loop with a band Cutting and electrocauterizing (burning) the tube ends Cutting and tying off the tube ends
Looks at a surgery for glaucoma typically used after a trabeculectomy has failed. Covers how it is done and what to expect after surgery. Also covers risks and how well it works.
A tuberculin skin test (also called a Mantoux tuberculin test) is done to see if you have ever been exposed to tuberculosis (TB). The test is done by putting a small amount of TB protein ( antigens ) under the top layer of skin on your inner forearm. If you have ever been exposed to...
What is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by slow-growing bacteria that grow best in areas of the body that have lots of blood and oxygen. That's why it is most often found in the lungs. This is called pulmonary TB. But TB can also spread to other parts of the body, which is...
All cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported to the local or state health department, because the disease can spread to others and cause outbreaks. Major health authorities keep track of TB outbreaks and encourage early testing for people who are at risk for the disease. The CDC recommends TB testing for people who: 1...
Tularemia, also called deerfly fever or rabbit fever, is a disease that usually occurs in animals. But the disease can be passed to people through infected insects or animals or by exposure to contaminated water or dust. Humans are most commonly infected through: Being bitten by a tick, deerfly, or mosquito. Skinning...
Tumor markers are substances made in excess in the body when cancer or a benign (harmless) condition is present. Tests done on blood or other body fluids can find tumor markers. Some tumor markers can help the doctor diagnose certain cancers. And tumor markers often help the doctor track a person's response to...
How does your ICD help you? Your ICD can save your life. Your ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) is always checking your heart rate and rhythm. If the ICD detects a life-threatening rapid heart rhythm, it tries to slow the rhythm back to normal using electrical pulses. If the dangerous rhythm doesn't stop, the...
Stand with a chair in front of you and a wall behind you. If you begin to fall, you may use them for support. Stand with your feet slightly apart (as you normally stand) and your arms at your side. Turn one half-circle (180 degrees). Stop for 10 seconds or, if you feel dizzy, until...
Tympanometry tests the movement of the eardrum when an ear infection or other middle ear problem is suspected. A doctor places the tip of a handheld tool into the child's ear. The tool changes the air pressure inside the ear and produces a clear tone. Then the tool measures how the eardrum responds to the...
Covers type 1 diabetes, also called juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. Describes how pancreas regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels. Includes info on hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Discusses treatments, including insulin.
Children with diabetes should participate in their treatment to the extent that is fitting for their age and experience with the disease. Toddlers and preschool-aged children usually aren't able to do tasks for diabetes care such as giving insulin or checking blood sugar. As children get older, they typically cooperate...
Talk with your doctor about what is putting you at risk for type 2 diabetes and how often you need to be tested. The United States Preventive Services Task Force ( USPSTF ) recommends testing for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in people who are overweight or obese and are ages 40 to 70. This...
Starting at age 10 or at the beginning of puberty, a child who has a body mass index (BMI) in the 85th percentile or higher for his or her age—or whose weight is more than 120% of ideal—and who has one of the following risk factors needs to be tested for type 2 diabetes every...
A shoulder separation is the partial or complete separation of two parts of the shoulder: the collarbone (clavicle) and the end (acromion) of the shoulder blade (scapula). A type I shoulder separation has a partially torn acromioclavicular (AC) ligament, but the ligaments between the shoulder blade and the collarbone...
A shoulder separation is the partial or complete separation of two parts of the shoulder: the collarbone (clavicle) and the end (acromion) of the shoulder blade (scapula). A type III shoulder separation occurs when both the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments are completely torn.
Pollen, molds, dust mites, or animal dander cause most allergic rhinitis and trigger asthma attacks in some people. Pollen Plants make pollen. The pollens that can cause allergies are usually from trees, grasses, or weeds. These pollens are small, light, and dry, so the wind easily picks them up and carries them, often...
It can be hard for your doctor to tell whether you have migraine headaches, tension headaches, sinus headaches, cluster headaches, or a combination of these types. The symptoms of these headaches are often the same, and no test can diagnose headaches. Listing a few key features of your headaches may help your doctor...
There are two different types of peptic ulcers. They are: Gastric ulcers, which form in the lining of the stomach. Duodenal ulcers, which form in the upper small intestine. Both types of peptic ulcers are most commonly caused either by infection with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) bacteria or by frequent use of...
Rectal prolapse happens when loose tissue in the rectum slides downward. The loose tissue may partially or completely stick out of the anus. There are three types of rectal prolapse: Complete prolapse. Part of the wall of the rectum slides down and sticks out from the anus. At first, this may occur only during a...
There are different types of thyroid cancer. They are based on what the cells look like under a microscope. Your treatment will depend on which type of thyroid cancer you have. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This is the most common type of thyroid cancer. PTC starts in cells called follicular cells and usually is only...
The severity of ulcerative colitis is determined by certain criteria. 1 Ulcerative colitis can be classified as mild, moderate, severe, or fulminant (very severe), which may guide treatment choices. People who have mild ulcerative colitis may have: Fewer than four bowel movements (stools) a day. No bleeding or a small...