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birth season may influence postpartum depression risk

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A mother's risk of developing postpartum depression might be influenced by the season in which she gives birth, a new study suggests, with summer and fall posing the greatest risk. Researchers also found that women who deliver their baby without anesthesia may be at greater risk of postpartum depression (PPD), while women who give birth...

birthmarks special

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What are birthmarks? A birthmark is a colored mark on or under a newborn baby's skin. Some birthmarks show up soon after a baby is born. Most birthmarks are obvious at birth. Some kinds of birthmarks fade or go away as a child gets older. Others stay the same or get bigger, darker, or thicker....

biting definition

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Biting other people is common in children ages 3 and younger. It becomes a problem if it happens frequently, occurs after age 3, injures others, or occurs with other aggressive behaviors. A baby who is teething may bite in response to the sensation in the mouth or to relieve the pressure on the gums. Children...

bk virus definition

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The BK virus is a virus that mainly infects the kidneys and urinary tract. Most people get infected with the BK virus sometime during their life. Infection with the BK virus rarely causes symptoms, except in people who have a weakened immune system. Most of the problems from the BK virus are seen in people...

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black cohosh for menopause symptoms special

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Black cohosh, also known as black snakeroot or bugbane, is a medicinal root. It is used to treat women's hormone-related symptoms, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual cramps, and menopausal symptoms. Black cohosh contains potent phytochemicals that have an effect on the endocrine system. How it works is not...

black disposition generic ia disposition

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Make an Appointment Based on your answers, the problem may not improve without medical care. Make an appointment to see your doctor in the next 1 to 2 weeks. If appropriate, try home treatment while you are waiting for the appointment. If symptoms get worse or you have any concerns, call your doctor. You may...

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black tea boosts weight loss by altering gut bacteria

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Black tea is one of America's best-loved beverages, accounting for around 80 percent of all tea consumed in the country. These are antioxidants that protect cellular structures - such as DNA and cell membranes - against damage from free radicals. Polyphenols from green tea are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream and body...

black widow spider bite special

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What is a black widow spider? Black widow spiders ( Latrodectus mactans and Latrodectus hesperus ) are found throughout the United States, Mexico, and southern Canada. A female black widow is much more likely to deliver more venom than a male spider. Female black widows are long-legged, shiny, coal-black spiders with an...

black widow spider multimedia

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Source: U.S. National Park Service. Available online: http://www.nps.gov Black widow spiders ( Latrodectus mactans ) are found throughout the United States. Female black widows are long-legged, shiny, coal-black spiders with an orange, red, or yellow hourglass shape on their underside. Female black widows are usually...

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bladder and other urothelial cancers screening pdq screening health professional information nci nci

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Note: Separate PDQ summaries on Bladder Cancer Treatment and Levels of Evidence for Cancer Screening and Prevention Studies are also available. Benefits There is inadequate evidence to determine whether screening for bladder and other urothelial cancers has an impact on mortality. Description of the Evidence Study...

bladder cancer major

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Discusses the causes and symptoms of bladder cancer. Covers how it is diagnosed and treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Offers home treatment suggestions to manage side effects like nausea and trouble sleeping.

bladder definition

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The bladder is a balloon-shaped muscle that serves as the storage pouch for urine. Urine flows from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. The bladder is part of the urinary tract, along with the kidneys, ureters, and the urethra.

bladder infection cystitis definition

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Bladder infection (cystitis) is the most common infection of the lower urinary tract. Bladder infection is usually caused by bacteria that get into the bladder by traveling up the urethra. Bladder infections are more common in girls and women than in boys and men. Symptoms of a bladder infection can range from mild to...

bladder infection symptoms ia definition

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Symptoms of a bladder infection may include: Pain or burning when you urinate. A frequent urge to urinate without being able to pass much urine. Blood in the urine.

bladder or bowel problems after back injury ia definition

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Bladder or bowel trouble can include: Trouble emptying your bladder. Leaking urine. Blood in your urine. Not being able to have a bowel movement. Leaking stool.

bladder pain syndrome interstitial cystitis special

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Bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis) is a problem that causes pain in the bladder or pelvis. It also causes an urgent, frequent need to urinate. The problem is much more common in women than in men. To diagnose bladder pain syndrome (BPS), your doctor may do a test called cystoscopy that uses a thin, lighted...

bladder prolapse cystocele multimedia

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A bladder prolapse (cystocele) occurs when the tissues and muscles that hold the bladder in place are stretched or weakened. This causes the bladder to move from its normal position and press against the wall of the vagina, forming a bulge.

bladder stones definition

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Bladder stones are hard mineral buildups that form in the bladder. Usually they are a result of a urological problem, such as a urinary tract infection or an enlarged prostate. Bladder stones occur when urine is concentrated and minerals crystallize and clump together. Bladder stones may block the tube that carries...

bladder stress test and bonney test for urinary incontinence in women testdetail

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A bladder stress test simulates the accidental release of urine ( urinary incontinence ) that may occur when you cough, sneeze, laugh, or exercise. A Bonney test is done as part of the bladder stress test, after the doctor verifies that urine is lost with coughing. It is similar to the bladder stress test except...

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bleach baths for atopic dermatitis special

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You can use a dilute bleach bath to help heal your atopic dermatitis rash if you have skin infections caused by staph ( Staphylococcus aureus ). The treatment is a little bit like soaking in swimming pool water. Doctors have been prescribing bleach baths for more than 20 years. Bleach baths are an easy, inexpensive...

bleeding abnormal ia definition

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Abnormal bleeding means any heavy or frequent bleeding or any bleeding that is not normal for you. Examples of abnormal bleeding include: Nosebleeds. Vaginal bleeding that is different (heavier, more frequent, at a different time of month) than what you are used to. Rectal bleeding and bloody stools. Bloody or pink...

bleeding disorders definition

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Bleeding disorders prevent blood from clotting normally when a person is cut or injured. When the blood does not clot normally, even minor injuries can cause significant bleeding, which can lead to excessive blood loss or can damage muscles or joints. Bleeding disorders occur when there is a problem with various...

bleeding risk ia definition

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Certain medicines and health problems can increase your risk of bleeding. They include: Medicines (called blood thinners) that prevent blood clots. These medicines often are used to prevent stroke and blood clots in people at risk for those problems. Bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia and immune thrombocytopenic...

bleeding severity ia definition

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With severe bleeding, any of these may be true: Blood is pumping from the wound. The bleeding does not stop or slow down with pressure. Blood is quickly soaking through bandage after bandage. With moderate bleeding, any of these may be true: The bleeding slows or stops with pressure but starts again if you remove...

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blister on the foot multimedia

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Blisters are fluid-filled bumps that look like bubbles on the skin. You may develop a blister on your foot when you wear new shoes that rub against your skin. Home treatment is often all that is needed for this type of blister.

blisters symptom

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Discusses causes of blisters, including injury and infection. Offers symptom checklist to help you decide when to call a doctor. Offers home treatment and prevention tips.

blocked eustachian tubes special

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What are the eustachian tubes, and how do they get blocked? The eustachian (say "you-STAY-shee-un") tubes connect the middle ears to the back of the throat. The tubes help the ears drain fluid. They also keep air pressure in the ears at the right level. When you swallow or yawn, the tubes open briefly to...

blocked tear ducts should my baby have a probing procedure decisionpoint

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Guides through decision to have a probing procedure done for your baby's blocked tear ducts. Discusses why a doctor may recommend a probing procedure for your baby. Covers benefits and risks. Includes an interactive tool to help you make your decision.

blog

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blood clots in the leg veins special

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Blood clots can happen in veins. A blood clot in a vein close to the skin isn't likely to cause problems. But having blood clots in deep veins is called deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis happens most often in the legs. This problem can lead to a blood clot in the lung ( pulmonary...

blood concentrations and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning multimedia

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Adapted from Gilman AG (2002). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th ed., p. 1881. New York: McGraw-Hill. Numbers show the amount of hemoglobin that has bonded with carbon monoxide. This number is also called the carboxyhemoglobin level.

blood glucose medicaltest

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Discusses blood glucose tests used to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes. Covers types of tests, including fasting blood sugar, 2-hour postprandial blood sugar, random blood sugar, and oral glucose tolerance. Discusses how to prepare and what results mean.

blood pressure cuff too large multimedia

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If the blood pressure cuff does not fit correctly, the results may not be accurate. This cuff is too large for the user's arm. There is too much overlap.

blood pressure cuff too small multimedia

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If the blood pressure cuff does not fit correctly, the results may not be accurate. This cuff is too small. The inflatable part of the cuff needs to be at least as long as the widest measurement around your upper arm.

blood serum definition

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Blood serum is the sticky, watery liquid left after the solid parts of the blood (the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) have clumped (coagulated).

blood supply to the brain multimedia

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A few major arteries supply blood to the brain. These include the cerebral arteries in the brain. They get blood from the carotid and vertebral arteries on each side of the head and neck. These arteries get blood from the aorta, the large blood vessel at the top of the heart.

blood transfusion definition

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Blood transfusion is a medical treatment to replace blood or portions of the blood lost through injury, surgery, or disease. During a transfusion, people normally receive only the parts of blood needed to treat their conditions. Whole blood is now rarely given as a transfusion. Blood for transfusions may come from...